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John Bunyan (; baptised 30 November 162831 August 1688) was an English writer and Baptist〔http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/6049/pg6049.txt〕 preacher best remembered as the author of the religious allegory ''The Pilgrim's Progress''. In addition to ''The Pilgrim's Progress'', Bunyan wrote nearly sixty titles, many of them expanded sermons. Bunyan came from the village of Elstow, near Bedford. He had some schooling and at the age of sixteen joined the Parliamentary army during the first stage of the English Civil War. After three years in the army he returned to Elstow and took up the trade of tinker, which he had learned from his father. He became interested in religion after his marriage, attending first the parish church and then joining the Bedford Meeting, a nonconformist group in Bedford, and becoming a preacher. After the restoration of the monarch, when the freedom of nonconformists was curtailed, Bunyan was arrested and spent the next twelve years in jail as he refused to undertake to give up preaching. During this time he wrote a spiritual autobiography, ''Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners'', and began work on his most famous book, ''The Pilgrim's Progress'', which was not published until some years after his release. Bunyan's later years, in spite of another shorter term of imprisonment, were spent in relative comfort as a popular author and preacher, and pastor of the Bedford Meeting. He died aged 59 after falling ill on a journey to London and is buried in Bunhill Fields. ''The Pilgrim's Progress'' became one of the most published books in the English language; 1,300 editions having been printed by 1938, 250 years after the author's death. He is remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 30 August, and on the liturgical calendar of the United States Episcopal Church on 29 August. Some other churches of the Anglican Communion, such as the Anglican Church of Australia, honour him on the day of his death (31 August). ==Early life== John Bunyan was born in 1628 to Thomas and Margaret Bunyan at Bunyan's End in the parish of Elstow, Bedfordshire. Bunyan's End is located about half-way between the hamlet of Harrowden (one mile south-east of Bedford) and Elstow High Street. Bunyan's date of birth is not known, but he was baptised on 30 November 1628, the baptismal entry in the parish register reading "John the sonne of Thomas Bunnion Jun., the 30 November".〔Brittain 1950: 30〕 The name Bunyan was spelt in many different ways (there are 34 variants in Bedfordshire Record Office) and had its origins in the Norman-French name Buignon.〔Brittain 1950: 41〕 There had been Bunyans in north Bedfordshire since at least 1199.〔Brittain 1950: 42〕 Bunyan's father was a brazier or tinker who travelled around the area mending pots and pans, and his grandfather had been a chapman or small trader.〔Brittain 1950: 42〕 The Bunyans also owned land in Elstow, so Bunyan's origins were not quite as humble as he suggested in his autobiographical work ''Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners'' when he wrote that his father's house was "of that rank that is meanest and most despised in the country".〔Furlong 1975: 48〕 As a child Bunyan learnt his father's trade of tinker and was given some rudimentary schooling.〔Furlong 1975: 49〕 In ''Grace Abounding'' Bunyan recorded few details of his upbringing, but he did note how he picked up the habit of swearing (from his father), suffered from nightmares, and read the popular stories of the day in cheap chap-books. In the summer of 1644 Bunyan lost both his mother and his sister Margaret.〔Furlong 1975: 50〕 That autumn, shortly before or after his sixteenth birthday, Bunyan enlisted in the Parliamentary army when an edict demanded 225 recruits from the town of Bedford. There are few details available about his military service, which took place during the first stage of the English Civil War. A muster roll for the garrison of Newport Pagnell shows him as private "John Bunnian". In ''Grace Abounding'', he recounted an incident from this time, as evidence of the grace of God: "When I was a Souldier I, with others were drawn out to go to such a place to besiege it; But when I was just ready to go, one of the company desired to go in my room, to which, when I had consented, he took my place; and coming to the siege, as he stood Sentinel, he was shot into the head with a Musket bullet and died."〔Furlong 1975: 51-2〕 Bunyan's army service provided him with a knowledge of military language which he then used in his book ''The Holy War'', and also exposed him to the ideas of the various religious sects and radical groups he came across in Newport Pagnell.〔Furlong 1975: 52〕 The garrison town also gave him opportunities to indulge in the sort of behaviour he would later confess to in ''Grace Abounding'': "So that until I came to the state of Marriage, I was the very ringleader of all the Youth that kept me company, in all manner of vice and ungodliness".〔Brittain 1950: 89〕 Bunyan spent nearly three years in the army, leaving in 1647 to return to Elstow and his trade as a tinker. His father had remarried and had more children and Bunyan moved from Bunyan's End to a cottage in Elstow High Street. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Bunyan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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